There existed a firmly-established culture of ’learning-by-doing’ in the artisan professions during the time of Schubert and Müller. When an apprentice became a journeyman, they often undertook a ’wandering’, during which their goal was to obtain knowledge about their profession in the different parts of the German-speaking countries. After a sufficient amount of time spent under the guidance of different masters, the journeymen were allowed to establish their own businesses.